HISTORY Class 12th MP BOARD 2026 – Important Questions and Answer with Objective Type Self Test.

Important Questions and Answer HISTORY Class 12th MP BOARD 2026

Question 1 – What was faience?
Answer – A substance made by cooking a mixture of crushed sand or gravel, color, and a sticky substance. What was faience?

Question 2 – What was the grid system?
Answer – The roads and streets of Indus Valley cities intersected at right angles; this was called the grid system.

Question 3 – Who was François Bernier?
Answer – François Bernier, a French physician, political philosopher, and historian.

Question 4 – What was Ibn Battuta’s description of betel leaf?
Answer – According to him, betel leaf is a tree grown like a vine. It bears no fruit.

Question 5 – Write about Nalayira Divya Prabandham.
Answer – Nalayira Divya Prabandham, the main poetry collection of the Alvar saints, is described as the Tamil Veda.

Question 6 – What were the Saguna and Nirguna Bhakti traditions?
Answer – In the Saguna Bhakti tradition, God is worshipped in idol form, whereas in the Nirguna Bhakti tradition, the formless God is worshipped.

Question 7 – When and between whom did the Talikota War take place?
Answer – The Talikota War took place in 1565 AD between Vijayanagara and the combined forces of Bijapur, Ahmednagar, and Golconda.

Question 8 – Who was Amar Nayak?
Answer – Amar Nayak was a military commander who was given territories by the Vijayanagara kings to administer.

Question 9 – Who were the Khudkasht farmers?
Answer – Farmers who lived in the villages in which they owned land were called Khudkasht farmers.

Question 10 – What were Jama and Hasil during the Mughal period?
Answer – In the Mughal period, Jama was the fixed amount of land revenue, while Hasil was the actual amount collected.

Question 11 – What was the Sunset Law?
Answer – According to this, if a landlord failed to pay the rent by sunset on a certain date, his land could be auctioned.

Question 12 – Who were the Jotedars?
Answer – The wealthy peasant class in Bengal was called Jotedars.

Question 13 – Why was Maulvi Ahmadullah Shah called Danka Shah?
Answer – When Maulvi Ahmadullah Shah traveled in a palanquin, he was called ‘Danka Shah’ because drums played in front of his palanquin.

Question 14 – Why was Awadh called the nursery of the Bengal Army?
Answer – Because most of the soldiers serving in Bengal were recruited from Awadh and eastern Uttar Pradesh, Awadh was called the ‘nursery of the Bengali Army.’

Question 15 – Who were known as Lal, Bal, and Pal?
Answer – Lala Lajpat Rai of Punjab, Bal Gangadhar Tilak of Maharashtra, and Bipin Chandra Pal of Bengal were known as ‘Lal, Bal, and Pal’.

Question 16 – When and where was the first Round Table Conference held?
Answer – The first Round Table Conference was held in London in November 1930.

Question 17 – What rights did Hansa Mehta demand for women?
Answer – Hansa Mehta demanded social justice, economic justice, and political justice for women.

Question 18 – What argument did Sardar Patel give on the proposal for separate electorates?
Answer – Sardar Patel called the proposal for separate electorates a poison. If it were accepted, the unity of the country would be in danger.

Question 19 – What is the Central List?
Answer – The Central List of the Constitution includes only those subjects on which only the Central Government has the right to decide.

Question 20 – What ideas did Govind Vallabh Pant give for the success of democracy?
Answer – According to Govind Ballabh Pant, for the success of democracy, a person must be trained in the art of self-discipline.

Question 21 – Write any two characteristics of the Indus Valley Civilization.
Answer – Two characteristics of the Indus Valley Civilization –
(i) It was urban in nature.
(ii) The Harappan peacock is a distinctive artifact of this civilization.

Question 22 – Write any two reasons for the decline of the Indus Valley Civilization?
Answer – (i) Natural disasters such as floods or famines.
(ii) Invasion by an outside tribe.
(iii) Due to climate change.

Question 23 – Who was the first to decipher the Brahmi script?
Answer – James Prinsep was the first to decipher this script.

Question 24 – In which language were the oldest records written?
Answer – The oldest records were written in Prakrit.

Question 25 – What is meant by patrilineal descent?
Answer – Patrilineal descent means a tradition that continues from a father’s son, then grandson, then great-grandson, etc.

Question 26 – What is meant by matrilineal descent?

Answer – Matrilineal descent means the tradition that is connected to the mother.

Question 27 – Where is the famous Jagannath Temple located and who is worshipped there?
Answer – The famous Jagannath Temple is located in the town of Puri in the state of Odisha. Lord Jagannath is worshipped here.

Question 28 – Who is worshipped in the Liyanyat sect (Veerashaiva)?
Answer – In the Liyanyat sect (Veerashaiva), Shiva was worshipped in the form of a Linga.

Question 29 – Who is the author of the Akbarnama and how many parts is it divided into?
Answer – The author of the Akbarnama is Abul Fazal and it is divided into three parts.

Question 30 – What was the Jajmani system?
Answer – According to historical sources, the share given by the landlords to the carpenters, goldsmiths, and farmers of the state in exchange for their work was called the Jajmani system.

Question 31 – Which system of land revenue was introduced by Lord Cornwallis in Bengal?
Answer – Lord Cornwallis introduced the trend of Permanent Settlement or Permanent Settlement of land revenue in Bengal.

Question 32 – When was the Cotton Supply Association established in Britain?
Answer – The Cotton Supply Association was established in Britain in 1857.

Question 33 – Who was Mangal Pandey?
Mangal Pandey was a soldier of the Barrackpore Cantonment who started the 1857 revolution.

Question 34 – Name the four main leaders of the 1857 rebellion.
Answer – The names of the four main leaders of the 1857 rebellion were Nana Saheb, Lakshmibai, Tatya Tope, and Bahadur Shah Zafar II.

Question 35 – When and where was Mahatma Gandhi born?
Answer – Mahatma Gandhi was born on October 2, 1969, at Porbandar in Kathiawar.

Question 36 – When did the Cripps Mission come to India, and what was its objective?
Answer – The Cripps Mission came to India on March 23, 1942, with the objective of addressing India’s political and legislative activities.

Question 37 – When was the Constitution Drafting Committee formed, and who was its chairman?
Answer – The Constitution Drafting Committee was formed on August 29, 1947, and its chairman was Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar.

Question 38 – When was the Indian Constitution implemented?
Answer – The Indian Constitution was implemented on January 26, 1950.

Question 39 – What is Article 356 of the Indian Constitution?
Answer: Article 356 of the Indian Constitution empowers the Central Government to assume all the powers of the State Government on the recommendation of the Governor.

Question 40: What is the meaning of the State List in the Indian Constitution?
Answer: Subjects under the State List, such as education, health, etc., came under the State Government.

Question 41 – How could men and women acquire wealth in ancient times?
Answer – In ancient times, women could acquire wealth in six ways: gifts received at the wedding fire and at the departure of relatives. Gifts given as a gift, and gifts from brothers, mothers, and fathers. Furthermore, anything received from their husbands. Similarly, men could acquire wealth through inheritance, discovery, purchase, travel, investment, work, and accepting tributes from noblemen.

Question 42 – Why is the Mahabharata called a dynamic text?
Answer – The development of the Mahabharata did not end with the Sanskrit text. Over the centuries, numerous versions of this epic were written in various languages. These reflect the dialogue that established between these authors, other people, and communities. Many stories that originated in a specific region and unfolded among specific people were also included in it. The main story underwent numerous reinterpretations, which is why it is called a dynamic text.

Question 43 – Describe Vaishnavism.

Answer – (i) Vishnu as the primary deity
(ii) Emphasis on devotion and devotion
(iii) The concept of incarnation

Question 44 – Why was the Amaravati Stupa destroyed?

Answer – (i) Early discovery
(ii) Use of stupa material in other constructions
(iii) Lack of awareness of the importance of preserving archaeological remains

Question 45 – Describe the water infrastructure system of Vijayanagara.
Answer – The Tungabhadra River forms a natural water reservoir in Vijayanagara. This river appears to form a gorge around the city. Here, reservoirs of varying sizes were constructed by damming the river’s currents. One of the most important reservoirs is known as the Kamalapuram reservoir. Water from this reservoir not only irrigated the surrounding fields but was also carried to the royal center through a canal. The ruins of the Hiriya Canal, one of the most important waterway structures, can still be seen today.

Question 46 – What is the Sanskrit significance of Mahanavami Dibba?

Answer – Mahanavami Dibba is a massive platform that rises to a height of 40 feet from a base of approximately 11,000 square feet. The rituals associated with this structure were likely performed during the 10-day Hindu festival known as Dussehra, Durga Puja, or Navratri, celebrated in the autumn months of September and October. On this occasion, the Vijayanagara rulers displayed their status, power, and supremacy. Religious rituals included idol worship, the worship of the state horse, and the sacrifice of buffaloes and other animals. On the last day of the festival, the king oversaw a grand ceremony, and the nayak, Amar Nayak, presented him with gifts.

Question 47 – What conditions were imposed on the Nawab of Awadh under the Subsidiary Alliance System?

Answer: In 1856, the Awadh State was formally declared a part of the British Empire. A subsidiary alliance had been imposed on Awadh since 1801. Under this treaty, the following conditions were imposed on the king:
(i) The Nawab’s army should be disbanded.
(ii) British troops should be allowed in the state.
(iii) A British Resident should be appointed to the Nawab’s court, and the Nawab should act on his advice.

Question 48 – Deprived of his military power, the Nawab became increasingly dependent on the British.

Answer: What steps did the British take to suppress the rebellion?
(i) Enactment of strict laws
(ii) Authorities were given the right to prosecute and punish rebels.
(iii) Severe punishment, including the death penalty.
(iv) Assurances to supporting landlords and the return of estates.

Question 49 – What is the importance of coins in understanding ancient Indian history? Write in three points.
Answer: The importance of coins in understanding ancient Indian history –

• Knowledge of economic conditions

• Determining chronology

• Determining the boundaries of the empire

• Knowledge of religious conditions

• Knowledge of art

Question 50 – Write three main characteristics of Ashoka’s Dhamma.

Answer: Three characteristics of Ashoka’s Dhamma –

• The main characteristic of Ashoka’s Dhamma is universality.

• In his Dhamma, Ashoka fostered the welfare of all human beings.

• He emphasized discipline and etiquette.

• He emphasized good behavior with his servants and friends.

Question 51 – Mention the five great vows of Jainism.

Answer – The five great vows of Jainism –

0 Ahimsa – According to Mahavir Swami, non-violence is the practice of not causing harm to any person or living being.

Asteya – This means not stealing or selling stolen goods; stealing is a sin.

Satya – Every person should always speak the truth. One should not stop speaking the truth due to greed.

Brahmacharya – Renunciation of lust and desires is called celibacy.

Aparigraha – Not accumulating any material or wealth.

Question 52 – Describe any three important Buddhist stupas?

Answer – Describe the stupas three times –

0 Sanchi Stupa – The Sanchi Stupa is located in the Raisen district of Madhya Pradesh. This stupa houses the relics of Lord Buddha. This stupa was built by Ashoka in the third century.
o Bharhut Stupa – Located in the Satna district of Madhya Pradesh, this stupa was built during the reign of Emperor Ashoka. The early stupas at Bharhut were unadorned except for stone altars and archways.

o Amaravati Stupa – In 1796, a local king, wanting to build a temple, suddenly discovered the Amaravati Stupa. British officer Colin Mackenzie recovered many sculptures from there. In 1854, the Commissioner of Guntur (Andhra Pradesh) collected the sculptures and engraved stones. The Amaravati Stupa was the largest and most magnificent Buddhist stupa.

Question 53 – Write three characteristics of the Virupaksha Temple in Vijayanagara?

Answer: The Virupaksha Temple in Vijayanagara has three distinctive features:

0 The local mother goddess Pampa Devi performed penance in the hills to marry Virupaksha, who was considered the patron deity of the kingdom and a form of Shiva. To this day, this marriage is celebrated with great pomp every year at the Virupaksha Temple.

0 Temples also served as centres of education. Rulers and others donated land or other property for the temple’s maintenance.

0 The rulers of Vijayanagara claimed to rule on behalf of Lord Virupaksha.

Question 54 – Explain the Amar Nayaka system of the Vijayanagara Empire.

Answer: The Amar Nayaka system of the Vijayanagara Empire:
(i) The Amar Nayaka system was a major political innovation of the Vijayanagara Empire.
(ii) The Amar Nayakas were military commanders who were given territories by the Raya to administer.
(iii) They collected land revenue and other taxes from farmers, artisans, and merchants.
(iv) They retained a portion of the revenue for personal use and for the maintenance of a designated contingent of horses and elephants.

(v) This contingent provided an effective military force to the Vijayanagara rulers.

Question 55 – Write a short essay on the Kitab-ul-Hind.

Answer: A short essay on the Kitab-ul-Hind.

Alberuni’s work, Kitab-ul-Hind, written in Arabic, is simple and clear in its language. It is a comprehensive treatise divided into 80 chapters covering topics such as religion, philosophy, festivals, astronomy, customs and traditions, social life, measurement methods, sculpture, law, measurement systems, and other topics. Alberuni uses a distinctive style in each chapter.

Question 56 – Which elements of the practice of Sati attracted Vernier’s attention?

European travelers and writers who visited India during the late medieval period described things that were depressing and different from European civilization. For contemporary European travelers and writers, the treatment of women was often considered a key indicator of differences between Western and Eastern societies. Therefore, it is not surprising that Vernier was drawn to the practice of Sati prevalent in India. He wrote that some women happily embraced death while other women were kept silent.

Question 57 – Do you agree that the drainage system of the Harappan lions points to city planning? Give reasons for your answer.
Answer – The drainage system of Harappa points to city planning:
i. Drainage System – The most prominent feature of the Harappan city was the drainage system. Streets were built along the drains. If the wastewater from the houses was to be connected to the drains, at least one wall of each house had to be adjacent to the street.
ii. City Planning – The most important feature of the Harappan civilization was the development of well-planned cities.
iii. Building construction – The Harappans were adept in the art of building construction, along with city construction. Excavations revealed numerous buildings, including residential buildings and forts.
iv. Granaries and various forts – The most remarkable building in Harappa was the Granary, where remains of a public dining hall have also been found.
v. Drainage systems were not limited to large cities; they were also found in smaller settlements.
vi. Unbaked bricks were used for the construction of residences at Lothal, while drains were made of paved bricks.

Question 58 – Describe the main features of Mohenjo-daro.

Answer: Mohenjo-daro’s main features:
(i) Mohenjo-daro was the most important planned city of the Harappan civilization.
(ii) The most important feature of Mohenjo-daro was its large bathhouse, a rectangular reservoir surrounded by corridors. Stairs led to the reservoir’s pool on its north and south sides.
(iii) This bathhouse was used for special ritual baths.
(iv) The city of Mohenjo-daro offers examples of residential buildings, many of which centered on a courtyard surrounded by rooms.
(v) Remains of stairs leading to the second floor of houses have been found.
(vi) Many dwellings also had wells, which were often constructed so that passersby could also use them.

Question 59 – Describe the teachings of any two prominent saints of the medieval Bhakti tradition.

Answer – Teachings of two prominent saints of the medieval Bhakti tradition –
(i) Kabir denied the existence of ultimate truth in the tradition and used various metaphors to describe it.
(ii) He referred to the word as Allah, Khuda, Hazrat, and Pir.
(iii) He advised to always stand by the truth.
(iv) Influenced by Vedanta philosophy, he referred to truth as Brahman and Atman.
(v) Kabir was a supporter of the Nirgun Bhakti tradition.
(vi) He denounced polytheism and idol worship.

Teachings of Guru Nanak –
(i) Guru Nanak’s message is contained in his hymns and teachings.
(ii) He propagated the Nirgun Bhakti tradition.
(iii) He denounced all religious ostentation.
(iv) He opposed yagnas, rituals, and idol worship.
(v) God is formless.
(vi) If you want to worship God, constantly remember and chant His name.

(vii) They emphasized the need for people to unite in a community.

Question 60 – Explain the main religious beliefs and practices of Sufism.

Answer: Explain the religious beliefs and practices of Sufism.

(i) In the early centuries of Islam, some spiritual figures, who came to be known as Sufis, turned to mysticism and asceticism in protest against the growing power of the Caliphate as a religious and political institution.
(ii) These individuals criticized the orthodox definitions and intellectual discourses of religious leaders.
(iii) They emphasized devotion to God and following His commandments for attaining salvation.
(iv) They described Prophet Muhammad as Insan-e-Kayl and taught to emulate him.
(v) Institutionally, Sufis considered themselves to be an organized community.

Question 61 – Describe the role of Mahatma Gandhi in the Indian independence movement.

Answer: Mahatma Gandhi’s role in the Indian independence movement –
(i) Mahatma Gandhi has been called the father of the Indian nation.
(ii) Gandhi was the most influential of all the leaders who participated in the freedom struggle.
(iii) Mahatma Gandhi returned to his country from South Africa in 1915 and made a significant contribution to the independence movement.
(iv) In 1920, Mahatma Gandhi launched the Non-Cooperation Movement, in which he urged Indians not to cooperate with the British.
(v) In Champaran, Ahmedabad, and Kheda, Gandhi emerged as a nationalist leader with deep sympathy for the poor.
(vi) He launched a campaign against the Rowlatt Act.
(vii) The Rowlatt Satyagraha established Gandhi as a true national leader.
(viii) Under the Non-Cooperation Movement, Gandhi urged all countrymen to boycott all government institutions and foreign goods.
(ix) During the Non-Cooperation Movement, thousands of Indians, including Gandhi, were imprisoned.

In 1930, Mahatma Gandhi launched a civil disobedience movement to repeal one of British India’s most odious laws, which gave state governments the right to control the production and sale of salt.

In 1942, he launched the Quit India Movement, a truly mass movement. Millions of Indians participated in this movement, shaking the very foundations of the British Empire. Gandhi gave Indians the slogan “Do or Die,” and as a result of Gandhi’s tireless efforts, India achieved independence on August 15, 1947, a role Gandhi played in this movement.

Question 62 – How did farmers view Mahatma Gandhi?

Answer –
(i) Farmers saw Mahatma Gandhi as an example; they referred to him as Gandhi Baba, Gandhi Maharaj, or simply Mahatma.

(ii) They considered him to be a protector of farmers from high taxes and punitive authorities.000000

(iii) Farmers saw Mahatma Gandhi as a man who would restore their dignity and freedom.

(iv) Gandhiji’s virtuous style and his judicious use of tools like the dhoti and the spinning wheel greatly strengthened his influence among the farmers.
(v) Gandhiji’s simple lifestyle and his self-help approach to work with his own hands made the farmers very sympathetic towards him.

Question 63 – Mark the following on the map of India:

(i) Kolkata
(ii) Mumbai
(iii) Chennai
(iv) Meerut

Question 64 – Mark the following on the map of India:

(i) Sanchi
(ii) Bharhut
(iii) Sarnath
(iv) Amaravati

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MP BOARD 2026 HISTORY CLASS12th Self Test ( Objective Types )