General Instructions:
- All questions are compulsory.
- Question numbers 1 to 5 are objective type questions carrying 1 mark each (Total 28 marks).
- Question numbers 6 to 12 are short answer type-I questions carrying 2 marks each.
- Question numbers 13 to 16 are short answer type-II questions carrying 3 marks each.
- Question numbers 17 to 20 are long answer type questions carrying 4 marks each.
- Internal choices (“OR”) are provided in question numbers 6 to 20.
- Draw neat, well-labeled diagrams wherever necessary.
Q1. Choose and write the correct option: (1×6 = 6 Marks)
(i) Which of the following is an example of a false (spurious) fruit?
(a) Mango
(b) Apple
(c) Guava
(d) Grape
(ii) In human males, where are the testes structurally located?
(a) Inside the abdominal cavity
(b) Within the scrotum
(c) In the thoracic cavity
(d) In the pelvic cavity
(iii) Which of the following represents a mechanical barrier method for birth control?
(a) Copper-T
(b) Oral Contraceptive Pills
(c) Vasectomy
(d) Tubectomy
(iv) Which plant species did Gregor Mendel choose for his classic inheritance experiments?
(a) Sweet pea
(b) Garden pea (Pisum sativum)
(c) Mustard plant
(d) Wild pea
(v) The two complementary strands of a DNA double helix are held together by:
(a) Peptide bonds
(b) Phosphodiester bonds
(c) Hydrogen bonds
(d) Glycosidic bonds
(vi) The pyramid of energy in any biological ecosystem is structurally:
(a) Always upright
(b) Always inverted
(c) Irregular
(d) Spindle-shaped
Q2. Fill in the blanks: (1×6 = 6 Marks)
(i) The outer layer (exine) of a pollen grain is composed of a highly resistant organic material called ________________.
(ii) In human reproduction, fertilization occurs specifically in the ________________ region of the fallopian tube.
(iii) Syphilis is a infectious ________________ transmitted bacterial disease.
(iv) Down’s Syndrome occurs due to the chromosomal ________________ of chromosome number 21.
(v) The process of synthesis of RNA from a DNA template is biologically known as ________________.
(vi) The rate of generation of organic matter by producers in an ecosystem is termed as ________________ productivity.
Q3. Write True or False: (1×6 = 6 Marks)
(i) The development of fruits without the process of fertilization is called Parthenocarpy.
(ii) Progesterone hormone is actively secreted by the Corpus Luteum.
(iii) Amniocentesis is legally permitted in India for determining the sex of an unborn child.
(iv) Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an autosomal sex-linked dominant genetic disorder.
(v) In RNA, the nitrogenous base Uracil is present in place of Thymine.
(vi) The flow of energy through trophic levels in an ecosystem is bi-directional.
Q4. Match the columns: (1×5 = 5 Marks)
| Column (A) | Column (B) |
|---|
| (i) Turner’s Syndrome | (a) Termination / Stop Codon |
| (ii) Griffith’s Experiment | (b) 45 Chromosomes (XO karyotype) |
| (iii) UAA, UAG, UGA | (c) Chromosomal Linkage Theory |
| (iv) T.H. Morgan | (d) 10% Energy Transfer Law |
| (v) Raymond Lindeman | (e) Bacterial Transformation Principle |
Q5. Answer in one word/sentence: (1×5 = 5 Marks)
(i) Name the point of attachment where the body of the ovule fuses with the funicle.
(ii) Which hormone is primarily responsible for inducing vigorous uterine contractions during parturition?
(iii) Expand the abbreviation: IUCD.
(iv) Name the scientist who originally developed the DNA Fingerprinting technique.
(v) What is the primary ecological function of decomposers in a food chain?
Short Answer Type-I Questions (Q6 to Q12, carrying 2 marks each)
Q6. State any two functional differences between Self-pollination and Cross-pollination.
OR
What is Tapetum? State its two primary physiological functions during microsporogenesis.
Q7. Draw a neat, well-labeled structural diagram of a Human Sperm.
OR
What is the Menstrual Cycle? Name any two primary hormones that regulate this cycle in human females.
Question 8. What do you understand by Test Tube Baby or In-Vitro Fertilization (IVF) technique?
OR
What are Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)? Write the names of any two sexually transmitted diseases and their causative agents.
Question 9. Define Test Cross and Back Cross, highlighting the main difference between them.
OR
What is Mutation? Write the names of its two primary types (Chromosomal mutation and Gene mutation).
Question 10. What are Okazaki Fragments? What role do they play during DNA Replication?
OR
What is an Initiation Codon? Mention its name and the first amino acid coded by it.
Question 11. Differentiate between a Food Chain and a Food Web based on any two functional aspects.
OR
What is meant by Ecological Succession? Name its initial (pioneer) and final (climax) stages.
Question 12. What is a Biogeochemical Cycle? Give two main examples of gaseous cycles.
OR
Explain the mechanism of a Detritus Food Chain with a suitable example.
Short Answer Type-II Questions (Q13 to Q16, carrying 3 marks each)
Question 13. Draw a neat, well-labeled structural diagram of a mature Anatropous Ovule.
OR
Differentiate between Monocot and Dicot Seeds based on any three structural characteristics.
Question 14. Draw a neat cellular diagram of the Transverse Section of a human Testis (TS of Testis).
OR
Differentiate between the biological processes of Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis on any three main grounds.
Question 15. Explain Mendel’s Law of Independent Assortment using a checkerboard method or a suitable example.
OR
What is Klinefelter’s Syndrome? Write down its symptoms and the chromosomal karyotype observed in affected individuals.
Question 16. Outline any three major structural features of the DNA Double Helix Model proposed by Watson and Crick.
OR
What is Genetic Code? Explain any three salient features of the genetic code.
Long Answer Questions (Q17 to Q20, carrying 4 marks each)
Question 17. Explain the process of Double Fertilization and Triple Fusion in Angiosperms with diagrams, and state its biological significance.
OR
Describe step-by-step the process of Microsporogenesis, from an undeveloped anther to a mature pollen grain formation in flowering plants.
Question 18. Draw a neat, comprehensive, and chronologically labeled schematic diagram of the Human Female Reproductive System.
OR
What is Amniocentesis? Describe its diagnostic procedure and explain how this technology is currently being misused.
Question 19. Describe with diagrams the famous Bacteriophage experiment conducted by Hershey and Chase to confirm DNA as the genetic material.
OR
Provide a detailed description of the various steps involved in DNA Fingerprinting technique, and write any two of its practical applications.
Question 20. Explain the dynamic model of energy flow in an ecosystem using a schematic diagram, and prove that energy flow is always unidirectional.
OR
What is an Ecological Pyramid? Draw and compare the structural representations of Pyramids of Numbers, Biomass, and Energy.
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