MP BOARD 2026 – Class 12 GEOGRAPHY Important Questions & Answers with Objective type Self Test.

MP BOARD 2026 – Class 12 GEOGRAPHY Important Questions & Answers with Objective type Self Test.

This post contains important questions from the Board of Secondary Education 2026 for Class 12 GEOGRAPHY. These important questions have also been asked in previous years’ exams. At the end of this post, you will also be able to solve objective-type self-tests useful for the 2026 exam.

MP BOARD 2026- Objective Question Based Self Test – Geography Class 12

Question 1 – What is possibilism? Write.
Answer – In possibilism, we can conquer nature by following natural laws.

Question 2 – What is environmental determinism? Write.
Answer – Environmental determinism: Humans should live their lives in compliance with natural forces and laws, because nature is omnipotent, meaning humans are slaves to nature.

Question 3 – What are the factors of population change?
Answer – Components of population change:
(i) Birth rate
(ii) Death rate
(iii) Migration

Question 4 – What are the four repellents of migration?
Answer – Factors of migration:
(i) Poor living conditions.
(ii) Political unrest.
(iii) Natural disasters.
(iv) Socio-economic backwardness.

Question 5 – What is an emigrant?
Answer – Emigrants: Migrants who move away from one place are called emigrants.

Question 6 – There are many areas of high population density in the world. Why is this so?

Answer – Reasons for high population density in the world:
Geographical factors – Due to water availability, topography, and climate, some regions in the world have the highest population density, such as South Asia and the European continent.

Question 7 – What is subsistence agriculture? Write.

Answer – In this, the fields cultivated are very small and farming is done with old tools. The produce is used in the farmer’s home.

Question 8 – What is cooperative agriculture?

Answer – When a group of farmers voluntarily form a cooperative organization to earn more profits from their farming, it is called cooperative agriculture.

Question 9 – Why is the largest proportion of Indian workers engaged in the agricultural sector?

Answer – India is an agricultural country. Approximately 54.6% of the total working population consists of farmers and agricultural laborers. Therefore, the agricultural sector has the largest number of workers, and agriculture is the mainstay of the Indian economy.

Question 10 – What three categories are workers divided into in India?
Answer – There are three categories of workers in India:
(i) Main workers
(ii) Marginal workers
(iii) Non-laborers

Question 11 – What are garrison towns? Write.
Answer – These towns were developed for service-related purposes, such as Ambala, Jalandhar, Mhow, Babina, and Udhampur, where there are stores of weapons and weapons for the training of soldiers and for the security of the country.

Question 12 – What is the main objective of the Smart Cities Mission?
Answer – The Smart Cities Mission aims to promote cities with improved infrastructure, cleanliness, a sustainable environment, and a better quality of life for its citizens.

Question 13 – Write any two features of the Trans-Siberian Railway?
Answer – Features of the Trans-Siberian Railway:
(i) This railway line is the longest railway line in the world.
(ii) This railway line has become the basis for the development of the Siberia region.

Question 14 – What is retail trade?
Answer – The trade in which various types of consumer goods are sold on the roadside through handcarts, door-to-door, on tracks, or bicycles is called retail trade.

Question 15 – What are the two objectives of the Namami Gange Cleanliness Programme?
Answer – The two objectives of the Namami Gange Cleanliness Programme are:
(i) Providing sewerage treatment facilities in cities.
(ii) Afforestation along river banks to increase biodiversity.

Question 16 – Write two disadvantages of noise pollution.

Answer:
(i) Excessive noise pollution can cause deafness and irritability.
(ii) Excessive noise can affect mental and physical health.

Question 17 – What is ‘stop and go’ determinism? Write.

Answer: Stop and go determinism is also called neo-determinism. According to this ideology, humans can conquer nature by following natural laws.

Question 18 – Write a definition of human geography.

Answer: Definition of human geography: According to Q. E.C. Sempuel, “Human geography is the study of the changing relationship between the unstable earth and active humans.”

Question 19 – Write the formula for calculating the crude death rate.

Question 20 – What is the mortality rate? Write.

Answer: The number of deaths per thousand population in a particular area during a year is called the mortality rate.

Question 21 – Name four approaches to human development.
Answer: Four approaches to human development:
I. Income Approach
II. Welfare Approach
III. Basic Needs Approach
IV. Capability Approach

Question 22 – Why do people want to live in certain regions and not Andhra Pradesh? Write.
Answer: Because these regions have adequate facilities for subsistence and a good climate. Other regions lack such facilities and have harsh climates.

Question 23 – Name two characteristics of Mediterranean agriculture.
Answer: Two characteristics of Mediterranean agriculture:
I. It cultivates citrus fruits extensively.
II. It cultivates grapes and olives.
III. Mediterranean agriculture is a very specialized type of agriculture.

Question 24 – What is plantation agriculture? Write.

Answer: Agriculture that uses capital and scientific methods to cultivate commercial crops is called plantation agriculture. For example, coffee, tea, bananas, rubber, cocoa, sugarcane, etc.

Question 25 – Name the four states with the largest rural population in India.

Answer: The four states with the largest rural population in India are Bihar, Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, and Maharashtra.

Question 26 – Write two reasons for the large rural population in some states of India.

Answer: Two reasons for the large rural population in some states of India:
I. These states lack fertile soil suitable for agriculture.
II. Agriculture is the main source of employment in these states.
III. These states lack adequate irrigation facilities.

Question 27 – Write two characteristics of urban settlements in India.
Answer: Characteristics of urban settlements in India:
I. Most of the people living in urban settlements are engaged in secondary and tertiary occupations.
II. Here the size of settlements is large and extensive.
III. Here the population is large and density is dense.

Question 28 – What is called a solitary settlement?
Answer – Human settlements in which houses and huts are built far apart in the mountains, hilly areas, fields and forests are called solitary settlements.

Question 29 – What is called current fallow land? Write.
Answer – Land that remains uncultivated for one agricultural year or less is called current fallow land.

Question 30 – What is called ancient fallow land? Write.
Answer – Land that remains uncultivated for more than one year but less than five years is called ancient fallow land.

Question 31 – Name any four sources of noise pollution.
Answer: Sources of noise pollution:
I. Factories
II. Loudspeakers
III. Loud noise from jet aircraft
IV. Loud noise from motor vehicles

Question 32 – Name any two harms of air pollution.
Answer: Harms of air pollution:

• Increased air pollution causes skin diseases, eye irritation, and respiratory problems.
• This causes an increase in atmospheric temperature, leading to the problem of global warming.

Question 33 – Name any three benefits of the Suez Canal.

Answer: Three benefits of the Suez Canal:

• The distance between Europe and Asia has been reduced, resulting in savings.
• The transportation needs of three-quarters of the world’s population have been met.
• Its construction has increased trade between Europe and Asia and reduced transportation costs.

Question 34 – Why are ports called gateways to international trade?
Answer – Ports and ports are places where large quantities of goods arrive from abroad and are then shipped to the interior of the country. Large ships dock here, where they are refueled and repaired. The country’s raw and manufactured goods are also shipped abroad. Therefore, ports are called gateways to foreign trade, such as Mumbai and New York.

Question 35 – Why is commercial vegetable farming practiced near urban areas?
Answer – Due to high demand and consumption, commercial vegetable farming is practiced near urban areas. This type of farming requires a lot of labor and capital, which makes the high costs met in urban areas because these cities are home to high-income consumers.

Question 36 – What are three characteristics of mixed farming?
Answer – Three characteristics of mixed farming:

• In this, along with growing crops, animal husbandry is also practiced.
• Farm sizes are medium.
• Improved seeds, labor, and technical capital are used extensively, and fodder crops are also produced.

Question 37 – Why is labor participation higher in some Indian states than in others?
Answer: In these Indian states, such as Himachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Chhattisgarh, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, and Meghalaya, the need for a large number of workers to carry out economic activities increases. Therefore, labor participation is higher in some Indian states than in others.

Question 38 – What are three characteristics of India’s population?
Answer:

• High population growth rate and overpopulation.
• Large rural population.
• Lack of working productive population, etc.

Question 39 – What positive impact did the Indira Gandhi Canal have on irrigation?
Answer: Irrigation facilities in the Indira Gandhi Canal area have led to an increase in cultivable land. Wheat, peanuts, cotton, and rice are now cultivated here, and environmental development has also taken place, and soil moisture remains for a longer period.

Question 40 – What are three environmental problems of land resources in India? Write them.

Answer: The following are the environmental problems of land resources in India:

• The problem of soil erosion.
• The problem of waterlogging.
• The problem of soil salinization.
• The problem of soil moisture.

Question 41 – Describe three geographical factors that affect the distribution and density of population in the world.

Answer: Three geographical factors that influence the distribution and density of global population are:

• Topography (surface structure)
• Climate influence
• Water availability
• Soil fertility

Question 42 – Describe any three economic factors that influence the distribution and density of global population.

Answer: Three economic factors that influence the distribution and density of global population are:

• Mineral availability
• Urbanization or the development of cities
• Industrialization or the development of industries

Question 43 – Describe any three characteristics of commercial livestock farming.

Answer: Three characteristics of commercial livestock farming:

• High-quality animals are reared in this business.
• This business is more organized and capital-intensive.
• It primarily rears cattle, sheep, goats, and horses.
• The milk, meat, hide, and wool obtained from these animals are canned and safely exported to global markets.
• In these, the main focus is on animal breeding, genetic improvement, disease control, and health.
• Commercial animal husbandry is practiced extensively in New Zealand, Australia, Argentina, and the United States.

Question 44 – Write any three characteristics of nomadic animal husbandry?

Answer: Three characteristics of nomadic animal husbandry:

• In this, humans move from one place to another with their animals to meet their daily needs.
• Nomadic animal husbandry has been an ancient subsistence occupation for humans.
• Animals such as cattle, sheep, goats, camels, llamas, and reindeer are reared in this area.
• There are three major nomadic animal husbandry regions. Its main areas are from the Atlantic coast of North Africa to the Arabian Peninsula, Mongolia, and Central China.
• Its area is the tundra regions of Europe and Asia.
• In this, the pastoralists migrate from the plains to the mountain pastures in the summer season and from the mountainous areas to the plain pastures in the winter season.

Question 45 – Write any three objectives of the Skill Development and Entrepreneurship Policy of the Government of India?

Answer:
The Government of India formulated the Skill Development and Entrepreneurship Policy in 2015, the primary objective of which is to provide a framework for skill development activities in the country.

• To bind these skill development activities together under a single standard.
• To link various skill developments in the country with their respective centers.
• To make new skills in the country employable.

Question 46 – Write any three features of India’s National Youth Policy?

Answer:

• It was launched in February 2014.
• It offers a comprehensive vision for India’s youth.
• The National Youth Policy defines youth as individuals in the age group of 15 to 29 years.

• It is empowering the country’s youth to realize their full potential.
• It enables the country’s youth to achieve their rightful place in the country.

Question 47 – Write any three problems of Indian agriculture?

Answer: Three problems of Indian agriculture:

• The problem of dependence on irregular monsoons.
• The problem of low productivity per hectare.
• Lack of financial resources.
• The problem of indebtedness of farmers.
• The problem of lack of land reforms.
• The problem of small and fragmented land holdings.
• Decrease in production of commercial crops.
• The problem of widespread underemployment.
• The problem of degradation of cultivable land.

Question 48 – Write any three importance of the ‘Kisan Portal’ for Indian farmers?
Answer: Three importance of the Kisan Portal for Indian farmers:

• The Kisan Portal is a platform for providing all types of agricultural information to farmers.
• The Kisan Portal provides detailed information to farmers on insurance, agricultural stocks, crops, seeds, pesticides, and agricultural machinery.
• It provides information on fertilizers, market prices, and training.

Question 49 – What social benefits were achieved by the Bharmour Tribal Development Program?
Answer: Social benefits of the Tribal Development Program in the Bharmour region:

• The standard of living of the Gaddi tribe in this region improved.
• The literacy rate increased rapidly.
• Improved the sex ratio and prevented child marriage.
• The female literacy rate in this region reached 65% in 2011.
• The socio-economic standard of living of the Gaddi tribe has improved.

Question 50 – Write four differences between traditional and non-traditional sources of energy.

Answer: Traditional sources of energy:

• These sources are exhaustible and limited.
• These include coal, petroleum, and natural gas.
• They cause various types of environmental pollution.
• They are used in industries, machinery, transportation, etc.

Unconventional sources of energy:

• These sources are renewable and inexhaustible.
• These include solar energy, wind energy, biogas, etc.
• Their use does not cause environmental pollution.
• Their use is less commercially available.

Question 51 – Write four importances of pipeline transport in the world.

Answer: Four importances of pipeline transport in the world:

• Liquid and gaseous substances such as water, petroleum, and natural gas are transported through pipelines.
• In many parts of the world, LPG or cooking gas is supplied by pipeline.
• Liquefied coal is transported to industries by pipeline.
• In New Zealand, milk is transported from farms to factories by pipeline.
• In the United States, Europe, Russia, West Asia, and India, pipelines are used to connect petroleum wells to research labs, ports, and domestic markets.
• Pipeline transports natural oil, petroleum gas, and other materials safely and cost-effectively.

Question 52 – Write four characteristics of international ports.

Answer: Four characteristics of international ports:

• International ports are considered gateways to international trade.
• From other ports, large quantities of raw materials and manufactured goods are transported by ship from one part of the world to another.
• These ports also transport large quantities of passengers by ship from one country to another.
• Ports provide docking, loading, unloading, and storage facilities for ships.
• International and national trade have developed through ports.

Question 53 – Identify and name the following regions shown on the world map below.

• South America’s commercial cattle-rearing region
• Capetown to London sea route
• Suez Canal
• Madagascar
• Australia’s transcontinental railway line

Question 54 – Identify and name the following typical regions on the given world map:

• Halifax
• Europe’s dairy farming region
• Trans-Canadian Railway
• Weld Grasslands
• Australia’s densely populated region

Question 55 – Show the following on the given map of India:

• Highest tea-producing region
• Highest literacy state
• Kandla Port
• Mumbai High
• Raniganj coalfield

Question 56 – Show the following on the given map of India:

• Visakhapatnam Port
• Bailadila iron ore mine
• Haldia oil refinery
• Highest sugarcane-producing region
• Lion Land

Question 57 – Identify and name the typical regions on the given world map:

• U.S.A.’s largest cotton producer Region
• Sparsely populated region of Australia
• Suez Canal
• Trans-Siberian Railway
• Mumbai Port

Question 58 – Identify and name the following places on the world map:

• Sydney
• Trans-Canadian Railway
• Sparsely populated region of Africa
• Commercial cattle-raising region of South America
• Rubber-producing region of Malaysia

Question 59 – Show the following on the map of India:

• Indira Gandhi Canal
• Mumbai
• Highest jute-producing region
• Low-population region
• Hazira-Vijaypur-Jagdishpur gas pipeline

Question 60 – Show the following on the map of India:

• Largest cotton producing area
• Largest population density area
• Largest coffee producing area
• Digboi
• Singareni

MP BOARD 2026- Objective Question Based Self Test – Geography Class 12